Annotated+Bibliography

**Movies/Films Set in Scotland I am Watching** //Braveheart (1995) –// this is a highly fictionalized epic about William Wallace, the 13th-century Scottish leader of a popular revolt against English rule. Directed by and starring Mel Gibson. //The History of Warfare: Culloden 1746: The Last Highland Charge (2009)// - Culloden, the 1746 battle in which the British Army crushed the Jacobite uprising led by Bonnie Prince Charlie, was the last major battle fought in Scotland. This made-for-cable film was shot on location on CUlloden Moor near Inverness. //Kidnapped (1995) –// this is a made-for-television retelling of Robert Louis Stevenson’s famous book about a young Scot’s adventures. //Local Hero (1983)// – set in a small fishing village on Scotland’s west coast, about an American oilman sent to buy up the village to make way for a refinery //Mary Queen of Scots (1971) –// this tells the story of Scotland’s Queen Mary Stuart, the mother of James VI of Scotland who became James I of England upon the death of England’s Queen Elizabeth I, Mary’s cousin. Starring Vanessa Redgrave and Glenda Jackson. //Rob Roy (1995)// – a fictionalized telling of the story of Rob Roy MacGregor (1671-1734), famous as an outlaw and sometimes called the Scottish Robin Hood //The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1969)// – an adaptation of a novel of the same name by Dame Muriel Spark, a Scottish author (1918-2006), this tells the story of a schoolteacher who teaches her students in a girls school subjects that push the limits of moral acceptability, ultimately resulting in her being fired. Dame Maggie Smith starred and won the Best Actress Oscar for her portrayal.
 * I’ll be hiking in Glen Nevis, where some of this movie was filmed. And I am reading several accounts of William Wallace’s life.
 * I’ll visit the battlefield at Culloden and also walk through Glenfinnan, where Bonnie Prince Charlie raised his flag at the start of the 1745 uprising that ended at Culloden Moor.
 * I’ll be hiking in areas of the Highlands in which parts of the movie are set, and reading the book.
 * I’ll be traveling by train in this area, and may take a walk on the beaches seen in the movie
 * I will visit Linlithgow, the birthplace of Mary, and the Palace of Holyrood, which has several rooms dedicated to her history.
 * Parts of the movie were filmed in the Glencoe area, through which I will walk.

//Trainspotting (1996) -// a gritty depiction of young Scots caught up in the drug culture, this movie helped make Ewan MacGregor a star.
 * There’s a brief scene shot at Corrour Station on Rannoch Moor, where I will be hiking.

** Scottish Historical Fiction I am Reading **

1. __George Macdonald Fraser:__

// The Reavers //

// The Complete McAuslan: The General Danced at Dawn, ////McAuslan in the Rough//, //The Sheikh and the Dustbin//

2. __Robert Louis Stevenson:__

// Kidnapped // 3. __Jane Porter:__

//The Scottish Chiefs//

4. __Nigel Tranter__:

// The Bruce Trilogy: // //The Steps to the Empty Throne, The Path of the Hero King, The Price of the King's Peace//

// The Wallace: The Compelling 13th Century Story of William Wallace //

// Rob Roy Macgregor //

// The MacGregor Trilogy: MacGregor's Gathering, The Clansman, Gold for Prince Charlie //

// The Stewart Trilogy: Lords of Misrule; A Folly of Princes; The Captive Crown //

1. __George Macdonald Fraser__:
 * Scottish History I am Reading **

// The Steel Bonnets: The Story of the Anglo-Scottish Border Reivers // 2. __Arthur Herman:__

// How the Scots Invented the Modern World: The True Story of How Western Europe's Poorest Nation Created Our World & Everything in It //

3. __Nigel Tranter:__

// The Story of Scotland //

**Castles and Palaces I am Visiting**

Both a castle and a residence, this is one of Scotland’s most visited stately homes, and is easily reachable by train as it is just off the rail line from Glasgow or Edinburgh to Inverness. It was the last castle in the British Isles to be besieged, in 1746 during the campaigns of Bonnie Prince Charlie. It is the traditional home of the Earls (later Marquises, now Dukes) of Atholl.
 * 1. Blair Athol **

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Carlisle Castle is a medieval fortress located in the Northwestern English border region, in the city of Carlisle, Cumbria. It dates back to 1122 in the reign of Henry II, replacing an earlier fort built during the reign of William II (son of William the Conqueror). The castle was captured by the Scots in 1135 during the reign of King Stephen; the Scots actually completed the castle keep. It was later recaptured, but later saw much fighting in the border skirmishes between Scots and English. It was besieged during the English Civil War and was taken by the Jacobites under Bonnie Prince Charlie; “Carlisle was then the very last English fortress ever to suffer a siege: overwhelmed by Cumberland's Hanoverian army, its Jacobite garrison were imprisoned in the keep's dank basement, where visitors can see the legendary 'licking stones' which they supposedly licked for life-giving moisture.”
 * 2. Carlisle Castle **

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Located in Edinburgh several miles from downtown, “Craigmillar is one of Scotland’s most perfectly preserved castles. It began as a simple tower-house residence. Gradually, over time, it developed into a complex of structures and spaces, as subsequent owners attempted to improve its comfort and amenity….At the core lies the original, late-14th-century tower house, among the first of this new form of castle built in Scotland. It stands 17m high to the battlements, has walls almost 3m thick, and holds a warren of rooms.”
 * 3. Craigmillar Castle **

__ http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/places/propertyresults/propertyabout.htm?PropID=PL_123&PropName=Craigmillar Castle __


 * 4.** **Edinburgh** **Castle**

Dominating the City of Edinburgh, the Castle sits atop an extinct volcano. It has been home to human habitation since at least 900 B.C., and the first “fort” dated from 600 A.D. The current castle dates to around 1130. It was besieged and taken and retaken numerous times. Today it houses the Scottish royal jewels.

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This ruined castle is near Fort William, in the Lochaber region of the Highlands. “Originally dating back to the 13th century, Inverlochy Castle last played a part in Scottish and English history during the ** Civil Wars of the 1640's **. In 1645 the royalist Earl of Montrose routed the roundhead forces of the Campbell Chief Duke of Argyll at the second Battle of Inverlochy.”
 * 5. Inverlochy Castle **

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Just west of Edinburgh, “the majestic royal palace of the Stewarts at Linlithgow today lies roofless and ruined. Yet the visitor still feels a sense of awe on entering its gates. It was begun by James I in 1424, rising like a phoenix from the flames following a fire that devastated its predecessor. It became a truly elegant ‘pleasure palace’, and a welcome stopping-place for the royal family along the busy road linking Edinburgh Castle and Stirling Castle.
 * 6. Linlithgow Palace **

The Stewart queens especially liked its tranquillity and fresh air. The ancient palace served as the royal nursery for James V (born 1512), Mary Queen of Scots (born 1542) and Princess Elizabeth (born 1596), better known as ‘the Winter Queen’. But after 1603, when James VI moved the royal court to London following his coronation as James I of England, the palace fell quickly into decline. The end came ignominiously in September 1745, when a fire swept through the ghostly rooms.”

__ http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyoverview/propertyabout.htm?PropID=pl_199&PropName=Linlithgow Palace __

“Founded as a monastery in 1128, the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh is The Queen's official residence in Scotland. Situated at the end of the Royal Mile, the Palace of Holyroodhouse is closely associated with Scotland's turbulent past, including Mary, Queen of Scots, who lived here between 1561 and 1567. Successive kings and queens have made the Palace of Holyroodhouse the premier royal residence in Scotland. Today, the Palace is the setting for State ceremonies and official entertaining. During The Queen's Holyrood week, which usually runs from the end of June to the beginning of July, Her Majesty carries out a wide range of official engagements in Scotland.” []
 * 7. Palace of Holyrood **

Stirling Castle sits atop a volcanic crag that overlooks an important river crossing (until recent times the furthest downstream crossing of the River Forth. Although the earliest records of a castle here date from 1120, it is likely that there were earlier forts or settlements. “Stirling Castle is a great symbol of Scottish independence and a source of enduring national pride. The castle’s long, turbulent history is associated with great figures from Scotland’s past, such as William Wallace, Robert the Bruce and Mary Queen of Scots.”
 * 8. Stirling Castle **

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This is another ruined castle, located east of Edinburgh at North Berwick, near the mouth of the Firth of Forth. Dating from the 14th Century, Tantallon endured three sieges, the last being in 1651. “A formidable stronghold set atop cliffs on the Firth of Forth, Tantallon Castle was the seat of the Douglas Earls of Angus, one of the most powerful baronial families in Scotland.
 * 9. Tantallon Castle **

__ http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyresults/propertyabout.htm?PropID=pl_284&PropName=Tantallon Castle __


 * 10. Urquhart Castle **

“The magnificently situated Urquhart Castle, on the banks of Loch Ness, remains an impressive stronghold despite its ruinous state.

Once one of Scotland’s largest castles, Urquhart’s remains include a tower house that commands splendid views of the famous loch and Great Glen.

Urquhart witnessed considerable conflict throughout its 500 years as a medieval fortress and its history from the 13th to 17th centuries was particularly bloody. Following Edward I’s invasion, it fell into English hands and was then reclaimed and lost again. In the 14th century, it figured prominently in the Scots’ struggle for independence and came under the control of Robert the Bruce after he became King of Scots.

In the 15th and 16th centuries, the castle and glen were frequently raided from the west by the ambitious MacDonald Lords of the Isles.”

__ http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyresults/propertyoverview.htm?PropID=PL_297&PropName=Urquhart%20Castle __ Forts and Battlefields I May Visit ** 1. Antonine Wall (Falkirk area)
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Running 37 miles between the Firth of Forth on the east to a point near Glasgow on the west, the Antonine Wall was a turf rampart set on a stone foundation, and was constructed in the AD 140s on the orders of the Emperor Antoninus Pius. The wall was manned for only 20 years, when the Roamns retreated to Hadrain’s Wall. There was a broad ditch on the north side of the wall.

[] 2. Bannockburn Battlefield (1314) (Stirling area)

“Bannockburn was the key battle in what are now known as the Scottish Wars of Independence: battles fought by the Scots against successive acquisitive English kings and between rival claimants for the kingship of Scotland.

Stirling Castle was central to the defence of the main route into northern Scotland, and between 1296 and 1314 it changed hands five times. In 1314, Stirling Castle was held by a garrison of Edward II’s troops. Edward II marched rapidly northwards to relieve the besieged garrison and Robert the Bruce chose a site at the crossing of the Bannock Burn to stop the advance of Edward’s army….Bannockburn is arguably the most famous battle to be fought and won by the Scots in Scotland, but it is widely acknowledged to be more than that— its name resonates in the Scottish psyche with ideas of freedom, independence, patriotism, heroism, perseverance, and triumph against overwhelming odds.”

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3. Berwick-on-Tweed (northeastern English city on Scottish border)

Berwick-upon-Tweed is England’s northernmost town, being on what would otherwise be the Scottish side of the river Tweed. The town was fought over repeatedly as part of the border wars, being last recaptured by the English in 1482. The town walls were built in the reign of Elizabeth I and are among the best preserved examples of 15th Century fortifications.

[] 4. Culloden Battlefield (1747) (Inverness area)

5. Fort George (Inverness area)

6. Fort William (Fort William, Lochaber)

7. Hadrian’s Wall (Cumbria, England)

8. Stirling Bridge Battle site (Stirling area)

1. Clava Cairns – The Clava Cairns near Culloden Battlefield east of Inverness is the site of a group of prehistoric burial cairns that were built about 4,000 years ago. [] 2. Corrimony Cairn - another chambered burial cairn like the Clava Cairns, located near Loch Ness [] 3. Dun Deardail – an iron age fort on a hill above Glen Nevis near Fort William, whose stone walls are “vitrified,” meaning fused together by fire. It is thought that the fire was the result of burning of a log wall that backed up or supported the stones.
 * Ancient Ruins I am Visiting **

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The West Highland Way: from Kingshouse to Kinlochleven via the Devil’s Staircase
 * Hikes I hope to Walk (weather permitting) **

Glen Nevis

Ben Nevis

Rannoch Moor: from Corrour Station to Loch Trieg, or maybe up a Munro

Hadrian’s Wall Path: from Housesteads to Vindolanda

1. National Gallery of Scotland
 * Museums I’ll Visit **

2. National War Museum [in Edinburgh Castle] “In the magnificent setting of Edinburgh Castle, explore over 400 years of the Scottish military experience. Uncover stories of courage and determination, victory and defeat, heroics and heartbreak and find out how war has left its mark on Scotland's history, image and reputation abroad.” []

3. Roman Army Museum Located along Hadrian’s Wall, the museum houses a collection of replicas and artifacts that illustrate what life was like for the Roman soldiers stationed on Rome's northern frontier. []